Eugène Ionesco and Theatre of the Absurd
Eugène Ionesco (1909-1994) was a Romanian born French playwright. Overcoming his initial disdain for theatre (‘it was the presence on the stage of flesh-and-blood people that embarrassed me’), he became a prolific playwright, with some 30 major works to his name (Esslin 2001, p.137). His most performed plays include The Bald Prima Donna (1950), The Lesson (1951), The Chairs (1952), Rhinoceros (1959) and Exit the King (1962). The Killing Game is one of his later plays (1970).
Ionesco is one of the major playwrights of the Theatre of the Absurd. In the groundbreaking book (The Theatre of the Absurd) first published in 1961, Martin Esslin identified common threads connecting the works of several significant playwrights of the post World War Two period, notably Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter, Jean Genet, Arthur Adamov and Boris Vian. Although their works were very different, they all shared an anti-naturalist tendency, a distrust of language as a tool for meaningful communication, a marriage of structure and content and most significantly an Absurdist world view. Adopting the term from Camus’ The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), Esslin argues that for all these playwrights the human condition is absurd. In Ionesco’s words:
‘Absurd is that which is devoid of purpose…Cut off from his religious, metaphysical, and transcendental roots, man is lost; all his actions become senseless, absurd, useless’ (qtd. in Esslin 2001, p.23).
Far from being hopelessly bleak, the absurd position challenges us to face a world devoid of grand narratives (History, Science, God…) and to do so with courage, humanity, love and humour. After all, when Sisyphus reached the summit after endlessly pushing a rock up and watching it roll back down, Camus says: ‘see, he is smiling’.
This semester, the Theatre Program is mounting 2 works from the Absurdist canon: Ionesco’s The Killing Game by the First-Year Theatre students and in October, the Third-Years will be performing Genet’s The Balcony.
Helen Trenos 28 August, 2015